Depending on the community of interpretation, one can find devotional music legitimate, controversial, or illegitimate. Sufis, a broad category for a group of Muslims who generally take on a more personal and esoteric approach to the faith, argue that devotional audio arts must be bound by three things to be considered legitimate: time, place, and companions.
The place for the performance of audio art should be an appropriate setting-- no concerts in masjids, and no performances in bars. Finally, the companions, the people surrounding the listener, should encourage the best in the listener. The 10th century philosophical group, the Ikhwan as-Safa, argue that the truest audio art is the Voice of God, which the Prophet Moses heard at Sinai.
When Moses heard the Voice, he moved beyond the need for earthly music. Based on this moment, the Ikhwan as-Safa believe that human audio arts are necessary echoes to remind us of the true music.
The famous Sufi poet Rumi 13th century also plays with the idea of human beings as musical instruments. It is also argued that the Prophet David who authored the Psalms according to Muslims and the Prophet Solomon both had beautiful voices and sang freely. Drawing from these traditions, Muslims have an understanding of the permissible audio arts.
As a result, contemporary scholars including Shaykh al-Azhar Mahmud Shaltut, Shaykh Yusuf Qaradawi, and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini have all issued legal rulings that audio arts that do not encourage people to go against the faith are permitted. Further Reading: al-Faruqi, Lois Ibsen. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The fasting ends with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr. On Eid, Muslims gather in the mosque for prayers, which are followed by celebrations. In many South Asian countries, sewain are distributed around to friends and neighbors.
But customs can vary, and Muslims from different countries and cultures will bring their unique food and traditions to the celebrations of this holy day. Fact: The first Muslim to ever recite the call to prayer was Bilal Ibn Rabah, son of an enslaved Abyssinian woman, in the city of Medina in the seventh century. At the time, early Muslims were debating the best way to audibly announce the time for prayer so people would know when to gather at the mosque.
Do now: Listen to these sounds of the call to prayer , and ask yourself how they make you feel. In the next issue: Who is an American Muslim? You can read all six articles in this Understanding Islam series on TheConversation. Explaining the Muslim pilgrimage of hajj. What is the significance of Friday prayers in Islam? Why Ramadan is Ramadan: 6 questions answered. On Eid , a peek into the lives of Puerto Rican Muslims.
Edition: Available editions United Kingdom. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in. I loved his poems so much as an undergrad that I went on to study Middle Eastern languages just so I could read his work in the original. Neither is solely representative of Islam but both draw heavily on its scriptures and reach such different conclusions. The Bible: Many people recommended reading the Bible to decrease hate of Islam.
Reading some of the rough stuff in the Hebrew Bible is a good way to put a kindred ancient religion like Islam in perspective. Foreign Policy By Paul R. Nye , Yukio Satoh , and Paul Wilkinson Check out our other foreign policy blog, Order from Chaos—a how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era.
William McCants.
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