During the reign of King James the VI and I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns, the palace was significantly enlarged, most notably with the constructing of the Banqueting House in built to a design by Inigo Jones the first significant English architect in the early modern period.
By Whitehall Palace was the largest complex of secular buildings in England, with more than 1, rooms in an irregular layout, consisting of different interior and exterior architectural styles giving the appearance of a small town. In , a fire broke out in the older palace structures, with a second fire in destroying most of the remaining residential and government buildings. Some remnants of the palace survived the fire, with the Banqueting House being the only integral building of the palace complex now standing.
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If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Shortly after purchased from Westminster Abbey a complex of houses at Westminster on King Street, which ran parallel with the Thames, north from Westminster to the hamlet of Charing.
Hubert then acquired additional adjoining properties. De Burgh eventually fell from grace and in his property at Westminster was sold to Walter de Gray, Archbishop of York. In he was made Archbishop of York.
In the following year the Pope appointed him as a cardinal, and Henry promoted him to Lord Chancellor. Its walls were hung with cloth of gold and silver. He employed a large staff and entertained lavishly, with sumptuous banquets and elaborate masques.
It was attended by eighty dignitaries, following a mass as St. A Great Hall, the Long Gallery, the Great Chamber with a wine cellar below, and a chapel, were all added by Wolsey, as well as an orchard.
York Place was enlarged when Wolsey purchased neighbouring tenements. That included Scotland Yard to the north of York Place, where Scottish kings had lodged during the Middle Ages when paying homage to the English monarch. The original headquarters of the Metropolitan Police was located at Scotland Yard in the early 19 th century.
By Henry looked for ways to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn. Wolsey failed to obtain approval for the annulment from the Pope and in was stripped of his government office and properties.
The accounts fn. There seems no reason to suppose that the central part of Wolsey's mansion was pulled down. The Hall had only just been rebuilt see p. The exact extent of York Place, as Wolsey left it, is a matter of speculation. Even if he had not built on the ground acquired from Lytton, the measurements of that property show that in the middle and towards the east York Place reached further south than the Bars which were its boundary on the street side. Again, in view of the uncertainty attaching to the position of the boundary between York Place and "Scotland,"it is impossible to say whether Wolsey had utilised any portion of the latter for building, though the references quoted below suggest that it was still open ground.
It had been resumed by Henry VIII on the cardinal's fall though no record of the resumption has been found and is alluded to occasionally in the accounts. One great difference was in its extent to the south. As appears from the above, the property acquired by the King reached only as far as Lamb Alley, and it is shown on p.
In the early part of —2 the orchard was apparently on the north side of Endif Lane, fn. The accounts contain entries relating to the employment of "xxv Gardeneres for the levelling of a certeyne Grounde late Edified, appoyntid by the Kinges highnes for the enlarging of his Orcheyarde annexid unto his forenamed manor," to "breking, taking up and conveying awey the olde walle of a Foundacion by the Theamyse side, Cont' in length from Endyve lane to the fornamed lamb Aleye," to making a new wall "by the Theamyse side enclosing the ende of the Orcheyarde there," and to "pyles drevyn in the Foundacion of the walle made betwyxte of the Theamyse and the forenamed Grounde appoyntid for the enlargeing of the Orcheyarde.
The Privy Gallery, one of the most striking features of Henry VIII's Whitehall, and referred to on numerous occasions in the building accounts as "the new gallery," was brought from Esher. Other galleries referred to are i the gallery next the Thames, ii the low gallery by the orchard, iii the low gallery in the garden, and iv the nether gallery.
An early entry mentions brick "spente in and upon a Chymney made in a lodgeing late altrid and transposid in the lowe galarye annexid unto the new Galarye nowe in making, and towardes a Chymney and a jakes made in the crosse houses in like maner nowe in making. As the orchard adjoined the Thames see above , the southernmost part of the Stone Gallery and of the lodgings which afterwards occupied the whole space between the gallery and the river could not yet have been built.
The southern block of the Privy Lodgings was, at least as early as the reign of Elizabeth, known as the Prince's Lodgings. The "lowe galarye within the gardeyne" fn. The garden in question is probably the old garden of York Place, and was almost certainly situated see p. The extension of the Palace on the west side of the road resulted in travellers from Charing Cross to Westminster or vice versa having literally to pass through it.
It happened too that when parishioners of St. Margaret's, who were resident in St. Martin's, died, their bodies were brought through the Holbein and King Street Gates, and the narrow road through the Palace lying between, in order to be buried in St. Margaret's churchyard. This caused considerable apprehension to the King, who was afraid of infection arising from those who had died of plague or "other contagious sickness," and he therefore on 12th November, , directed that in future all parishioners of St.
Margaret's resident in St. Martin's should be deemed to be parishioners of the latter parish, and be buried accordingly in St. The text of the letter embodying this decision is given in Appendix B. It was followed up in by letters patent decreeing that the portion of St. Margaret's which lay north of Whitehall should be annexed to St.
We have here no mention of "Whitehall"—a name which seems, however, already to have been sparingly in use. The earliest instance occurs in a document Westmr. Abbey Deed , A of about Michaelmas, , concerning property on the west side of the road "prope mansion' d ni Regis vic' Whytehale alias Yorke place. The name may be supposed to have reference to the appearance of the new stone buildings of the Palace.
The Palace had hardly been completed before it received a new Queen. Anne Boleyn had resided there before the alterations were put in hand, and is alluded to in the building accounts fn. Three years passed, and on 19th May, , Anne was beheaded on Tower Hill. Henry died at Whitehall on 28th January, —7, fn. During the six years of his reign Edward spend most of his time either at Whitehall or Greenwich.
For an account of his erection of a pulpit in the Privy Garden see p. Edward died at Greenwich on 6th July, , and a month later his body, which had been embalmed, was removed to Whitehall for burial in Westminster Abbey. Mary, during her short reign, spent some portion of her time at Whitehall, but her favourite residence was St.
On 14th January, —4, she received at Whitehall the special ambassadors from the Emperor, who had come to treat concerning her marriage with Philip of Spain. During the advance of Whatt from Charing Cross to Ludgate in the early morning of 8th February, "a certein Captayne of the said rebelles with divers of his souldiers retourned from Charingecrosse, downe to the court gate at white halle, and gave a larme before the gate, and shotte divers arrowes into the saied courte the gate being open, in so muche that one maister Nicolas Rockewood being a gentilman of Lyncolnes inne, and in armour at the said court gate, was shotte throughe his nose with an arrowe by the rebelles.
For the comminge of the said rebelles was not loked for that way. A year later 4th November, Pole held a synod of both the convocations at Whitehall, that place being selected because Pole at the time was lodging in the Palace, and to allow Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor, who resided there and was very ill, to attend the meeting.
On Philip's short second visit in the King and Queen spent most of the time at Whitehall, where on 2nd July the former stood sponsor to the son of the Duke of Norfolk. Philip left London for good on the following day, and Mary soon after removed to Richmond.
She returned in November to Whitehall, whence she rode on 20th January, —8, to open Parliament. Elizabeth was at Hatfield when her sister died, and did not arrive at Whitehall until just before Christmas. On 14th January, —9, she left the Tower, where she had been staying for a couple of days, and made a ceremonial entry through the city, where she was greeted with one pageant after another, to Whitehall, to prepare for her coronation on the following day.
It must be remembered that, like other Tudor sovereigns, Elizabeth had the choice of several royal residences, and was in the habit of spending some time at each. She was thus frequently, and at times for rather long periods, at Somerset House, St.
Moreover, she frequently went on progresses, sometimes extending over many weeks, through the country. She was, however, in residence at Whitehall for something like a quarter of the whole time during the reign. In February, —9, the Speaker and other members of the House of Commons attended at Whitehall to address the Queen on the subject of her marriage.
On the day appointed Elizabeth "came foorth into the greate gallery at White-Hall, richly furnished in attire, and honorably attended," and listened to the Speaker's "sett oratione. We have an account of a river pageant at Whitehall on May-day in the Queen's first year. Two pinnaces, decked with streamers and flags, over against "the Quens plasse at Westmynster," fought against one another with eggs, oranges and squibs. A squib fell on a bag of gunpowder "and sett dyvers men a fyre.
Later in the month Elizabeth received the French ambassadors with much pomp and ceremony. On 24th May the Duc de Montmorency and his colleagues arrived, and "entered the great hall on the ground floor, hung with very choice tapestries, with the canopy, throne and royal cushions. Montmorency came again in to treat concerning the proposed marriage of the Queen to the Duc d' Alencon, fn.
A more splendid Banquenting House was erected in , when other commissioners, followed by d' Alencon himself, came over for the same purpose. Plays, masques, jousts and other entertainments of a princely charcter were given, and the Queen is represented as only giving thought to "whether there are any new devices in the joust, or where a ball is to be held, what beautiful women are to be at court. Visits of other ambassadors and foreign notabilities there were of course in plenty. Thus in —1 we have reference to "makeinge ready the gallerye at Whitehall for her Ma tie and the twoe Ambassadors againste the runninge at Tilte" November, ; "makinge readye a standinge in ye Tiltyeard for the Barbaria Ambassador at the runninge" November, ; "makeinge readye at Whitehall againste the comeinge thether of the Ambassador and the duke of Bracchiano" January, ; "makeinge readie at Whitehall against the comeinge of the Muscovia Ambassador" March, Sometimes the Palace was decked in its best for the benefit of foreign sightseers.
For instance in September, , the keeper of the standing wardrobe had to arrange for the Queen's apartments to be hung and furnished "w th riche stuffe … againste the comminge of a frenche Lorde to se the howse," fn.
Ordinarily, the festivities at Whitehall were concentrated about the anniversary of Elizabeth's accesion in November , Christmas and Shrovetide. It was particularly at the first-mentioned "that the tilt-yard of Westminster blazed with the pageantry and range with the spears of the manhood of England. Of building at Whitehall during Elizabeth's reign we hear but little.
The erection of the Banquenting House in has already been referred to. Otherwise the only operations on any large scale were in connection with the "longe raunge of the newe buildinges nexte the streete where the officers of the housholde do lye.
Elizabeth died at Richmond on 24th March, —3. Her body was brought to Whitehall for the funeral, which took place on 28th April, at Westminster Abbey. James I was staying at Whitehall at the time of his coronation 25th July, , but his earliest residence there for more than a few days was in February-March of the following year. One was often given on All Saints' Day to usher in the winter, and others were called for at intervals during the winter months.
James was also regularly at Whitehall on his Accession Day, 24th March, which, like his predecessor, he honoured with a tilt. The first notable event of the reign, so far as Whitehall is concerned, was the arrival towards the end of of the Queen's brother, the Duke of Holstein. On the occasion of the marriage of Sir Philip Herbert at Whitehall on 27th December, , the Venetian ambassador managed to get a more honourable seat at dinner than the duke, who, in consequence, was rather put out.
At supper-time, however, the duke stole a march on the ambassador, got to table first, and took the latter's place. The ambassador was furious, and positively declined to attend the masque which was to follow unless his proper place was given him. An apology was made, and the King himself conducted him to the Hall for the masque, where a seat was prepared for him on the King's right hand.
The duke was accommodated with a seat on the left of the Queen, but he declined to avail himself of it, preferring to stand for the three hours during which the masque and balls lasted.
His only visit to Whitehall was a matter of two days, fn. In the following year we are introduced to the first of James' unworthy favourites. Robert Carr, afterwards successively Viscount Rochester and Earl of Somerset, being in attendance on Lord Dingwall at the tilt yard at Whitehall, fell with his horse and broke his leg.
According to Weldon fn. The same year saw the erection of the new Banqueting House see p. In —13 the ceremonies at Whitehall reached their high-water mark in the festivities which greeted the Elector Palatine on his visit to woo and wed the Princess Elizabeth.
He arrived at Whitehall on 18th October. He was provided with apartments at first in Essex House, and afterwards in the Lord Treasurer's lodgings in the Palace, and created a most favourable impression by his constant attendance on the Princess, who had a separate establishment at the Cockpit.
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