Naturalism Defined. Determinism—position that human life is determined by environmental forces, not by human free will. Humans should be studied scientifically, impartially, objectively, without any moralizing about their behaviors or basic nature. Realism vs. Some scholars believe naturalism is simply a pessimistic extension of realism, while others argue it is an independent genre altogether see Pizer, Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature.
Realists Howells, James, et al. Lars Ahnebrink: In contrast to a realist, a naturalist believes that a character is fundamentally an animal, without free will.
This distinction may be illustrated in this way. Given a block of wood and a force pushing upon it, producing in it a certain acceleration: Realism will tend to concentrate its attention on the accurate description of that particular block, that special force, and that definite acceleration; Romanticism will tend to see in the entire operation an illustration or symbol or suggestion of a philosophical truth and will so represent the block, the force, and the acceleration.
Hugh Holman, A Handbook to Literature , 4 th edition. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust. Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.
Both society and heredity have cast Emily out. Following this came a red rage. He developed the acute exasperation of a pestered animal, a well-meaning cow worried by dogs. He had a mad feeling against his rifle, which could only be used against one life at a time.
He wished to rush forward and strangle with his fingers. He craved a power that would enable him to make a world-sweeping gesture and brush all back. His impotency appeared to him, and made his rage into that of a driven beast. In science, humans are nothing more than animals. The animalistic tendencies of humans are clear in The Red Badge of Courage. Given the right influences, like the battlefield, you feel the transformation from man to beast. He plunged in among the big spruce trees.
The trail was faint. A foot of snow had fallen since the last sled had passed over, and he was glad he was without a sled, travelling light. However, there are some differences between them:.
John Steinbeck is one the most popular writers coming from the school of American naturalism. Steinbeck, in his novel The Grapes of Wrath , portrays the Joad family and its changing environment from the naturalistic point of view , during the t Great Depression in the United States.
He depicts the Joad family as insignificant, instinct-bound, and small creatures bound to seek a paradise they might never find. Initially, when the Joads leave home, they are very simple and animal -like people, who could barely understand their plight.
They face constant opposition from two powerful predators — society and nature. However, as the narrative progresses, they begin to adapt to new circumstances. Stephen Crane, in his short story The Open Boat , portrays men on a boat, representing human endurance against indifferent nature, where they feel themselves helpless. Thus, it contains a theme of naturalism.
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